Thursday 21 July 2011

LIST OF SUCCESSFUL AND RESERVED CANDIDATES OF IGBO EXTRACTION FOR THE NIGERIAN DEFENCE ACADEMY 63 REGULAR COMBATANT COURSE

LIST OF SUCCESSFUL AND RESERVED CANDIDATES OF IGBO EXTRACTION FOR THE NIGERIAN DEFENCE ACADEMY 63 REGULAR COMBATANT COURSE
  1. The Candidates whose names appear below were successful at the Armed Forces Selection Board interview held 21st May to 2nd July 2011. The candidates have been offered admission into the NDA for the 63rd Regular Course. They are to report on 8th October, 2011 for training at the NDA (Permanent Site), Kaduna. Any candidate who fails to report on 10th October, 2011 will forfeit his or her place to a candidate on the reserve list.

  1. Selected Candidates will be received on arrival at the Reception Centre located at the Academy Parade Ground (Permanent Site).

  1. Candidates on the RESERVE LIST are NOT to report to the Academy until they are invited.

  1. Selected Candidates MUST come along with the ORIGINAL copies of their credentials which include:
i.                    First School Leaving Certificate
ii.                  Primary School Testimonial
iii.                Birth Certificate/Declaration of Age
iv.                School Certificate Results (NECO/WAEC)
v.                  Junior/Senior Secondary School Testimonials
vi.                Letter of State of Origin and the following:
a.      Two pairs of white shorts
b.      Two pairs of white canvas shoes
c.       Two white shirts (Long Sleeves)
d.      Two pairs of blue Shorts and white round-neck vests
e.      Three white singlets
f.        Two pairs of white socks
g.      Two pairs of white trousers
h.      Two white bedsheets and pillow cases for 8-spring bed
i.        One lounge suite (dark colour)
j.        One belt (preferably black)
k.      Black polish, brushes, shaving kit and toiletries
l.        One pair of football boots
m.    One pair of spike shoes
n.      One pair of black trousers
o.      Female candidates should come along with the following items in addition:
i.                    Two pairs of trouser suits
ii.                  Two lounge skirts
iii.                One pair of Black low-heel cover shoes
iv.                Two pairs of Black and Blue short tight.
  1. Selected candidates are NOT ALLOWED TO RECEIVE  VISITORS and will NOT GO OUT for the FIRST THREE MONTHS of Training.
  2. Selected candidates and their parents are to please note for strict compliance.

SIGN: AT JIBRIN
Brigadier General
Academic Registrar.

IGBO CANDIDATES AND THEIR STATES

1. ABIA:
  1. Man-Ugwueje Nkemakolam A (AB 63) – Selected
  2. Alomah Chimela M (AB 27) – Selected
  3. Ihejirika Ugochukwu Kingsley (AB 45) – Selected
  4. Ndubuka Gospel Ozioma (AB 07) – Selected
  5. Nnabuike Henry Chukwudi (AB 100) – Selected
  6. Okwukanjo Faith Ngozi (AB 47) – Reserved
  7. Nnamdi Ikenna Lucky (AB 64) – Reserved
  8. Nwaobia Victor KC (AB 61) – Reserved
  
2. ANAMBRA:
  1. Obiefuna Henry Chiezugo (AN 09) – Selected
  2. Okpala Chinedu Angus (AN 64) – Selected
  3. Adebe Chukwubundu Ejikeme G (AN 01) – Selected
  4. Obidiozor Chibueze Celestine (AN 29) – Selected
  5. Adirika Nneamaka Chrysa (AN 02) – Selected
  6. Ezeonyeka Uzoma Stanley (AN 49) – Reserved
  7. Okwumuo Johnbosco Arinze (AN 105) – Reserved
  8. Nelson Ugochukwu Alvan (AN 62) – Reserved


2. DELTA:
  1. Oki Joseph Oluchukwu (DL 04) – Selected
  2. Ogomudia Samuel Nathaniel (DL 44) – Selected
  3. Akpotohor Bright Ejuvwevwo (DL 45) – Selected
  4. Ogochukwu Emmanuel Monyei (DL 67) – Selected
  5. Iwebi Joseph Onyekachukwu (DL 29) – Selected
  6. Ayadju Ikuesiri Oghenevwate (DL 25) – Reserved
  7. Elue Richard Ifechukwudi (DL 06) – Reserved
  8. Ofagbor Ojone Lawrence (DL 101) – Reserved
 
3. EBONYI:
  1. Chukwu Mohammed Eze (EB 21) – Selected
  2. Osi Victor Nnemehe (EB 44) – Selected
  3. Eluu Agha Anas (EB 24) – Selected
  4. Okpani John Ogbonna (EB 47) – Selected
  5. Iregbulem Chibuzo Emmanuel (EB 27) – Reserved
  6. Okonkwo Chiamaka Blessing (EB 68) – Reserved
  7. Chukwu Desmond Chinonso (EB 29) – Reserved
 
4. ENUGU:
  1. Udeh Anthony Chukwuebuka (EN 42) – Selected
  2. Ene Chukwujekwu Solomon (EN 01) – Selected
  3. Ani Timothy Ejike (EN 10) – Selected
  4. Chime Onyedikachi Christian (EN 63) – Selected
  5. Ezeja Afam Peter (EN 23) – Selected
  6. Esomchukwu Obinna Vinboris (EN 101) – Reserved
  7. Ozouwa Ikenna Simon Jnr (EN 67) – Reserved
  8. Mbadiwe Collins Chidubem (EN 45) – Reserved

5. IMO:
  1. Ndiribe Daniel Ikenna Ebubechukwu (IM 03) – Selected
  2. Nnaji Franklin Onyekachi (IM 09) – Selected
  3. Ogueri Chinomso Sixtus (IM 10) – Selected
  4. Ogueri Chimeremumma Chetachi (IM 64) – Selected
  5. Nwaogwugwu Genevieve Chetachi (IM 540) – Selected
  6. Ozoemenam Chukwuemeka Mac-Queen (IM 25) – Reserved
  7. Ugboaja Stanley Chikezia (IM 46) – Reserved
  8. Ikedum John Chigbo (IM 69) – Reserved
 
6. RIVERS:
  1. Amesi Wisdom Oyemaechi (RV 212) – Selected
  2. Minimah Darlington Augustine (RV 50)) – Selected
  3. Chukwu Chinwendu (RV 06) – Selected
  4. Romeo Awoteim Fubara (RV 05) – Selected
  5. Gbaragbo Tambari Emmanuel (RV 04) – Reserved
  6. Young Doole Destiny (RV 24) – Reserved
  7. Olubari Price Gbenedor (RV 30) – Reserved
 Courtesy: Daily Trust, Wednesday July 20, 2011, Pp. 27-29.
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Tigbuo na zọgbuo azọchiela ọzọ n’obodo Siria

Sydney Mbachu, Maryland (USA), Satọdee, Julayị 16, 2011.
Courtesy: http://www.igbo.ca/
HOzi si n’aka otu onye so eme ngagharị iwe na Siria kọwara na e gbuola ndị nkịtị 21 na Siria maka ngagharị iwe ha. Nkwafu ọbara ndị a mere ma na Damaskọs ma na Idlib na Dara, dị ka Rami Abelrahman onye isi otu Lọndọn na-ahụ maka mmekpa ahụ na Siria si kwu. Nke a mere ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị e gbugooro n’ọgbaaghara a ruo 1,440 kemgbe ọnwa anọ ngagharị iwe bidoro.
Ndị otu nnupu isi a na-akọwa na ngagharị iwe ha juputara sọ n’udo, ma na n’agbanyeghị nke a, ndị e duputara ka ha rụọ ọrụ nchekwaba e jirizie ike egbusi ndị na-achọ mgbanwe. N’aka nke ọzọ kwa, a tụọla ndị ngagharị iwe a aka maka ogbugbu ndị ọrụ nchekwaba na mpaghara Siria dị iche iche.

Rupert Murdock ayọọla mgbaghara maka mpụ ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi ya mere

Sydney Mbachu, Maryland (USA), Satọdee, Julayị 16, 2011.
HMurdock, onye isi ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi a na-akpọ News of the World ayọọla mgbaghara n’akwụkwọ mgbasa ozi dị iche iche maka ebubo e boro ụlọ ọrụ ya sị na ha jiri igwe kọmputa banye ekwe ntị ndị mmadụ iji zute ozi ha mechara gbasaa. Ihe ndị a gụnyere izụte ozi n’aka ndị ahụ 9/11 metụtara ya na ịgbasa ozi gbasara nwa obere nwa e gburu egbu.
Murdock na nwa ya nwoke ga-abịa n’ihu ọchịchị Briten zaa ajụjụ maka mpụ nke a butegooro oke iwe ọkụ n’ebe ndị Briten na Amerịka nọ. Ka ụfọdụ ndị isi na-ebido iji aka ha arịtu n’ọkwa, ọ naha-adịla ka ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi News of the World abụ isi kotara ebu, nke na-agaghị eme ebere n’ịgbakasị ya oge iwe ndị mmadụ dakwasara ya.

Ide mmiri kpara mkpamkpa na Lagos

Chidi Igwe, Regina (Canada), Nwenezdee, Julayị 13, 2011.
H
Mmiri agbagbuola ihe ruru mmadụ iri abụọ na Lagos. Oke mmiri ozuzo E nwere na Lagos n’ụbọchị ụka gara aga kpalitere nnukwute ide mmiri, nke kpọlara ihe ruru mmadụ iri abụọ ala mmụọ, ma mebie akụ n’ụba ndị mmadụ.

 

Ndị omekome atụọla ogbunigwe abụọ na Suleja

Chidi Igwe, Regina (Canada), Tuzdee, Julayị 12, 2011.
HAkụkọ anyị siri n'aka ndị ụlọ nta akụkọ Channels Television nwete na-akọwa na ndị omekome tụrụ mgbọ ogbunigwe abụọ na Suleja. Nke izizi gbawara ụnyahụ n’ogige ụlọ ụka ndị otu okpukpere chi nke A kpọrọ Evangelical Church of West Africa, na bekee. Ogbunigwe ahụ gburu mmadụ atọ.
O ruchaha mkpụrụ awa 24, ọzọ dawaa n’obodo Madala, nke nọdebere Suleja. Onye okwupute ọnụ ndị uwe ojii na Steeti Niger, bụ Richard Ogunche gwara ndị Channels Television na Mina na ndị uwe ojii nke steeti ahụ na-eme nnyocha maka ịchọpụta ebe aja siri banye na garị.

Ogbunigwe egbuela ihe ruru mmadụ iri na Maiduguri

Chidi Igwe, Regina (Canada), Mọndee, Julayị 4, 2011.
HOzi anyị siri na onlinenigeria.com nwete na-akọwa na mgbọ ogbunigwe ndị omekome tụrụ n’otu ụlọ ebe a na-agba egwu awantịrọ n’ọdụ ahịa Mammy Market na Maiduguri na Bornu Steeti gburu mmadụ iri, ma merụkwaa ọtụtụ mmadụ ndị ọzọ ahụ. Ụlọ egwu awantirọ ahụ nọdebere isi ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii. N’ọzọ dịka ibeya, anyị nụrụ na mkpamkpa a kpara na sọndee, ụbọchị ndị abalịdịegwu gbagburu onye isi gọọmenti okpuru ọchịchị Jere, bụ Jere Local Government Area, n’olu bekee [Gụọọ akụkọ a na bekee].

 

 

Ụlọ omebe iwu Sinet anabatala ndị minista asaa

Chidi Igwe, Regina (Canada), Mọndee, Julayị 4, 2011.
HỤlo omebe iwu sinet nke ala Nigeria anabatala mmadụ asaa ndị onye isi ala bụ Goodluck Jonathan họpụtara maka ọkwa minista. Otu n’ime mmadụ asaa ndị a bụ nwada Alison Deizani, onye jibu ọkwa minista ngalaba mmanụ akụ chi nyere.
A nabatara mmadụ asaa ndị ahụ ka ndị omebe iwu sinet mechara nnyocha nke were ha awa asaa. Ndị omebe iwe na Sinet gbara ha ajụjụ. Mmadụ asaa ndị ahụ zara ajụjụ gbasara otu ha siri chị ọchịchị mgbe ha bụbu minista, yana ịhe bụ atụmatụ ha n’ọdị n’ihu m’ọ bụrụ na ha banyekwe n’ọchịchị ọzọ [Gụọọ akụkọ a].

 

Goodluck Jonathan akpọọla oku ka A na-azụ ngwa ahịa ndị E mere n’ala Nigeria

Chidi Igwe, Regina (Canada), Tọzdee, Juunu 23, 2011.
HOnye isi ala Nigeria bụ Goodluck Jonathan akpọọla ndị Nigeria oku ka ha na-azụ ngwa ahịa na akara ngwa ndị E mere n’ala Nigeria. Jonathan kpọrọ oku a site n’akara ama Facebook ya.
Ọ sị na ọ bụrụ na ndị Nigeria na-ego ngwa ahịa ndị E mere n’ala Nigeria, nke a ga-eme ka ego ọbụla a kpatara na Nigeria, nọrọkwa na Nigeria, ma butekwe ọganiihu nye ala Nigeria.
Jonathan kwuru na otu n’ime atụmatụ gọọmenti ya bụ ime ka ọnọdụ akụ n’ụba ala Nigeria kwụrụ chịm.

 

Barack Obama ewepụtala atụmatụ ịkpọlata ụfọdụ ndị agha Amerịka nọ n’Afganistan


Sydney Mbachu, Maryland (USA), Nwenezdee, Juunu 22, 2011.
HN’izu a ka a na-atụ onye isi ala Amerịka bụ Barack Obama anya ka ọ maa ọkwa na ya bụ ugo eberela na mgbagbu. Ndị agha ga-erucha ọnụ ọgụgụ 30,000 ka Amerịka na-atụ anya ịkpọlata tupu afọ 2012 erute isi njedebe.
Onye Ode Akwụkwọ Maka Nchekwaba Obodo bụ Robert Gates na-akọwa na oge a agaghị ezu iji mee mmesị mmesị dị n’ịkpọla ndị agha ọnụ ọgụgụ ha haruru otu ahụ. Na-gbanyeghị nke a, Obama ji n’aka na ọ ga-enwe ike imenwu nke a na-enyeghị nchekwaba obodo Afganistan mmekpa ahụ ọ bụla. Ọ gakwara n’ihu kwuo na ndị agha ndị a ga-ebido lọtaba n’ọnwa Julaị. Nke a so na atụmatụ inyefe nchekwaba obodo n’aka mba Afganistan n’afọ 2014.
O kwesịkwara ka e bubu n’uche na ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụ afọ Amerịka ndị kwadoro atụmatụ a gbalitere ofuma kemgbe ọnwa Mee, tụmadị n’ihi na ogbugbu onye isi ndị otu eyimegwu ahụ meziri ka ọ dị ka ọrụ mba Amerịka nwere n’Afganistan agwụchaala.

A tụọla ogbunigwe ọzọ n’Abuja

Chidi Igwe, Regina (Canada), Sọndee, Juunu 19, 2011.
HOnye isi ala Nigeria ekwuola n’ogbunigwe ahụ A tụrụ n’isi ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii n’Abuja jọgburu udele ma sigbuo nkapị. Site n’ihe O dere n’ama Facebook ya, Jonathan kwuru na gọọmenti ga-agba mbọ chọpụta ebe mmiri siri ba n’opi ugbọgụrụ. Ọ sị na gọọmenti dị njikere ịchọpụta yana ịkpachi ndị niile kpara ajọ agwa a.
Jonathan gbakwunyere n’olu bekee na ya ga-emezu nkwa O kwere ndị ala Nigeria. Ọ sịrị: [Gụọọ akụkọ a]

Alkaịda ahọpụtala Ayman Al Zawahiri dịka onye ndu ya

Chidi Igwe, Regina (Canada), Fraịdee, Juunu 17, 2011.
HAlkaịda, otu otu agha inyi egwu A ma ama maka ibu agha megide mba Amerịka na mba ndị ọzọ ha n’Amerịka na-azụkọrịta okwe, ahọpụtala Ayman Al Zawahiri dịka onye ndu ya. Nke a mere ka ọnwa abụọ gachara kemgbe ndị agha mba Amerịka gbuchara Osama Bin Ladin. [Gụọọ akụkọ a]

Obama na Jonathan kpara ụbụbọ na New York

Chidi Igwe, Regina (Canada), Satọdee, Juunu 11, 2011.
HOnye isi ala mba Amerịka bụ Barack Obama akpọkuola ala Nigeria ka ha na-ehiwe aja n’ukwu ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya n’ụdị ga-eme ka Nigeria bụrụ eji ama atụ nye mba Afrịka ndị ọzọ.
Obama kpọrọ oku a na New York n’oge ya na onye isi ala Nigeria bụ Goodluck Jonathan nwere nzukọ n’abalị 8 nke ọnwa juunu. Obama nyere ala Nigeria ezigbo otito maka mbọ ha na-agba maka iwete udo na mpaghara Afrịka dị iche iche.
Jonathan kelere gọọmenti mba Amerịka maka nkwado ha nyere ala Nigeria n’oge ntụli aka elu maka ịhọpụta onye isi ala, bụ nke e mere na Nigeria n’oge gara aga.

Super Eagles na Albiceleste ga-ezute ọzọ na Septemba

Chidi Igwe, Regina (Canada), Fraịdee, Juunu 10, 2011.
HOtu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụkwụ Super Eagles nke ala Nigeria eturula ugo mmeri n'asọmụmpi bọọlụ enyi na enyi dara n’etiti Super Eagles na Albiceleste nke mba Argentina. Nigeria jiri ọkpụ anọ nke A sara nanị otu were merie Argentina n'asọmụmpi ahụ E mere n'abalị abụọ nke ọnwa juunu, n’ama egwuregwu bọọlụ ụkwụ dị n'Abuja.
Ngalaba na-ahụ maka egwuregwu bọọlụ ụkwụ na Nigeria, bụ NFF n'aha ịchafụ, ekwetego na Nigeria na Argentina ga-ezute ọzọ maka ikụgharị bọọlụ a n'agba nke abụọ ya. Onye odeakwụkwọ ngalaba NFF bụ Musa Amadu gwara ndị nta akụkọ na E binyego aka n’akwụkwọ niile kwesiri ime ka agba nke abụọ asọmụmpi a nwee isi. Ndi Super Eagles na ndi Albiceleste ga-ezute ọzọ n’abalị 6 nke ọnwa septemba.

Ndị ọgụ isi ekwe ọnwụ egbuola mmadụ 80 na Pakịstan

Sydney Mbachu, Maryland (USA), Satọdee, Mee 13, 2011.
HKemgbe mba Amerịka gbagbuchara onye isi ndị otu eyimegwu bụ Osama Bin Laden, e mere ka ngalaba niile metụtara Amerịka, ma ndị nọ n’ụlọ ma ndị nọ na mba ofesị, dị njikere maka inweta mmekpa ahụ ndị ọgụ isi ekwe ọnwụ maka onye isi ha e gburu.
Taa ka ya bụ mkpamkpa kpara n’ala Pakịstan ebe ndị ọhụrụ ndụ kwe ọnwụ jiri mgbụọ ogbunigwe wakpo ụlọ ọzụzụ ndị agha na mpaghara ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ, ebe ha gburu mmadụ 80 ma merụọ mmadụ karịrị 140 ahụ. Imirikiti ndị a e gburu bụ ndị agha a ka na-azụ azụ, dị ka Bashir Ahmad Bilour, onye minista si kwuo. Ndị otu Taliban kweere ike na ọ bụ ha gburu ebelebe a iji lụọ ọgụ mmekwụrụ maka onye isi ha e gburu.

Amerịka egbuela Osama Bin Ladin

Chidi Igwe, Regina (Canada), Sọndee, Mee 1, 2011.
HPrezidentị mba Amerịka, Barack Obama, kwuru na ndị agha mba Amerịka na Pakịstan egbuela onye agha iyi egwu nke ụwa ma ama, bụ Osama Bin Ladin.

Goodluck Jonathan enwela mmeri

Chidi Igwe, Regina (Canada), Satọdee, Eprel 21, 2011.
HAla Nigeria ahọpụtagharịala Prezidenti Goodluck Jonathan na ntụli aka ozuru mba nke e ji ahọpụta onye isi ala, bụ nke e mere n’abalị 16 nke ọnwa eprel. Mgbe Ọ gwara ndị ala Nigeria okwu, Jonathan kelere ndị ala Nigeria, ma kwuo na mmeri a abụghị nke nanị ya, ma ọ bụ nke otu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị ya bụ PDP. Kama, O kwuru na mmeri a bụ nke ndị Nigeria niile.
Ka otu n’ime ndị ha na Jonathan zọrọ yabụ ọkwa onye isi ala, bụ Muhammadu Buhari, na-ekwu na nrụrụ aka dị na yabụ ntụli aka e mere, tigbuo na zọbuo na-ada na mpaghara ugwu ala Nigeria. Ndị isi ekwe ọnwụ ji iwe na ọnụma na-emebi akụ n’ụba na ndụ ndị mmadụ na Steeti Kaduna yana Kano. Anyị nụrụ n’ihe karịrị narị mmadụ atọ anwụọla.

Barcelona na Real Madrid gbara ọhaanya

Sydney Mbachu, Maryland (USA), Satọdee, Eprel 16, 2011.
HNa bọọlụ nke a gbara taa, ndị otu Real Madrid na Barcelona enweghị onye merịrị ibe ya, ebe ha nyere onwe ha otu goolu otu goolu. A gachara okara egwuregwu a na nkeji nke 45 na-enweghị onye ọ bụla nyere goolu, ma ka a lọchighatara ezumiike, ndị Barcelona e mee ngwangwa nye otu goolu. A dọgideziri gagaga a ọ dịzie ka Barcelona aga-emerị, kama ka ọ fọrọ sọ nkeji itolu n’elekere, Real Madrid asịara ọnụ ha site n’inyekwụrụ otu goolu. Bọọlụ nke taa kajara akaja, bịakwa nwee ọtụtụ oge obi na-ama kpumkpum.

E jirila ike chụtuo Laurent Gbagbo n’ọchịchị

Sydney Mbachu, Maryland (USA), Mọndee, Eprel 11, 2011.
HN’ikpeazụ, ìtè sị ọkụ pú, ọkụ asị ite pu dị n’etiti Laurent Gbagbo na Alassane Ouattara erutela isi njedebe.
Ntụli aka elu e mere kemgbe ọnwa anọ gara aga biri n’ọgbaaghara, ebe aka na-achịbu mba Kodivụa bụ Gbagbo jụrụ ịrịtu n’ọchịchị na-agbanyeghị na otu jikọtara mba ụwa kwekọrịtara na ọ bụ Ouattara tuuru ugo na ya bụ ntụli aka elu. Kemgbe ọnwa anọ ahụ ka ndọrọndọrọ a nke butegooro oke tigbuo na zọgbuo n’ala Kodivụa na-aga n’ihu. Naarị kwuru naarị mmadụ tụfuru ndụ ha na nzọgbunzọgbu a ka Gbagbo, onye nọgooro n’ọchịchị afọ iri, na-aga n’ihu n’ikwu na ọ bụ ya merịrị na ntụli aka elu ahụ. [Gụọ akụkọ a]

Barack Obama ga-eso azọ ọkwa onye isi ala mba Amerịka n'afọ 2012

Chidi Igwe, Regina (Canada), Tuzdee, Eprel 5, 2011.
HOnye isi ala mba Amerịka bụ Barack Obama ekwuputela na ya ga-eso azọ ọkwa onye isi ala mba ahụ n'afọ 2012 na-abịa abịa. Ọ kọwapụtara mmasị ya n’ụbọchị Mọndee, site n’ihe onyonyo O tinyere n’akara ama saịba ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị ya, bụ www.barackobama.com.
Ruo ugbu a, e nwebeghị onye otu ya bụ demokratik pati pụtara ịchere Obama aka mgba. Ọ bụrụ na nke a emeghị, Obama ga-azọ ọkwa prezidenti na afọ 2012 n'aha otu pati ya bụ demokratik pati.
N’aka nke ọzọ, ndị rịpọblikan pati enwebeghị onye ha họpụtara maka izọrọ ha ọkwa onye isi ala. Ha ga-amalite ntụli aka elu nke okpuru ụlọ ha maka ịhọpụta onye ga-azọrọ ha ọkwa onye isi ala na nso a.

Ụgbọ elu agha Amerịka abọrọla ọkụ, daa na Libịa

Sydney Mbachu, Maryland (USA), Tuzdee, Maachị 22, 2011.
HỤgbọ elụ ndị Amerịka ji alụ agha bọọrọ ọkụ taa bụ Tuuzde ka o na-efe na Libịa, were daa. Mmadụ abụọ ndị nọ n’ime ya gbalahara ọnwụ site n’iji akwa e ji esi n’ụgbụọ elu efetu were fetuo.
Ka otu jikọtara mba ụwa nyechara onye isi ala Libịa bụ Gadhafi iwu ka ọ kwụsị mmekpa ahụ o na-enye ndị ahụ na-achọ ka ọ rịtuo n’ọchịchị, Gadhafi gara n’ihu n’ịtụ mgbụọ ogbunigwe ka o sibu atụ. Nke a kpatara ka mba ụwa bịakọta ọnụ n’ịkwụsị ya bụ nkwafu ọbara, malite na mba France ndị nke jiri ụgbụọ elu ha tụọ ndị agha Gadgafi mgbụọ ogbunigwe. Mba Briten na Amerịka mechara tinye aka n’ịkwụsị ndị ahụ na-alụrụ Gadhafi ọgụ.
Ụgbụọ elu agha Amerịka ahụ, nke a na-akpọ F-15E Strike Eagle, fejere Libịa iji tụkwaa mgbụọ ogbunigwe nke ya oge igwe na-eneye ụgbụọ elu ahu ikikere mechaziri nwee nsogbu, nke mere ka ụgbụọ ya daa ma gbarisie. Onye ofe ụgbụọ elu na onye na-ahaziri ya mgbụọ jiri akwa ahụ fetuo n’udo. Mba Amerịka zutere ma zọpụta otu onye n’ime ha, ebe ndị otu ahụ na-alụso Gadhafi ogu zọpụtara ma chekwaba nke ọzọ nke ọma ruo oge ndị Amerịka bịara kpọrọ ya.
Ka Gadhafi kwere nkwa na ya agaghị akwụsị ọgụ ya, mba ụwa ekwekwaala nkwa na ha agaghị ahapụ ịtụ ndị agha ya mgbụọ ruo oge o jiri rubere iwu ahụ otu jikọtara mba ụwa nyere ya isi.

Ọghọm radieshọn emeela ka A kwụsị ọrụ n’igwe nuklịa na Japan

Sydney Mbachu, Maryland (USA), Tuzdee, Maachị 16, 2011.
HỌghọm radieshọn sitere na mgbarisi igwe nuklịa na obodo Japan e meela ka a kwụsị ịrụ ọrụ n’ebe igwe ndi ahụ nọ n’ihi na ọghọm a kazi njọ. Ya mere na ịgba igwe ndị ahụ mmiri ka ha jụlata oyi akwụsịla maka na ọghọm radieshọn eruola oke ndị ọrụ na-enweghị ike ịnọgidenwu. Ndị isi ochichi sị na ha ga-ejizi ụgbụọ elu nta were gaa n’ihu n’ịgbasa ha bụ igwe mmiri.
Ka ala ọma jijiji butere ide mmiri gbúrú­­­ mmadụ 10,000 mechara, ihe ọghọm nke a abụrụla ọsụkịrịgada nke àgbà abụọ nyere mba Japan. Ọchịchị Japan enyela ọtụtụ ndị biketara igwe ndị a nso iwu ka ha zere ịpụta ezi ma ncha, ebe a kpọpụtara ndị mmadụ ọnụ ọgụgụ ha ruru 200,000 ndị kara biketa igwe ndị ahụ nso. Ọghọm a nke na-agbasa n’ikuku ọsọ ọsọ eruchaala isi obodo Japan bụ Tokyo, nke jiri maịlị 150 (kilomita 240) nọrọ na ndịdị obodo Fukushima ebe ọkụ a gbara. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị butegooro ọrịa radieshọn a eruola 150.

Otu igwe nuklịa na Japan emebiela

Sydney Mbachu, Maryland (USA), Sọndee, Maachị 13, 2011.
Otu igwe nuklịa e ji agbahuo ọkụ latiriki na Japan emebiela, ebe ụfọdụ na-atụ anya na ọzọ nwekwara ike imebi. Ala ọma jijiji ahụ merenụ mere ka otu n’ime igwe ndị a dị n’obodo Fukushima gbaa dúm ka mgbụọ ogbunigwe, were gbarisie ụlọ e jiri rụchide ya. Mmebi igwe nke a butere ahụ ọma jijiji n’ebe ndị Japan nọ maka na ha na-atụ egwu sị na nke a ga-ebute mbusa ọghọm radieshọn n’olu bekee.
HNdị dibịa na-agwọ mmadụ itolu ndị butegooro ya bụ ọghọm. Ndị ọrụ na-agbakwa mbọ n’ịgbasa ya bụ igwe mmiri ka o were jụlata oyi. N’agbanyeghị sị na ndị ọrụ na-amawanye n’ọrụ n’atụfụghị oge ọ bụla, ndị isi ọchịchị na ndị ọkachamara ndị Japan ndị ọzọ na-akọwa na ụmụ ihe adịbeghị njọ nke otu ahụ. Ka aka niile banyere n’ọrụ n’idozi ihe a mebirinụ, ma zerekwa ọzọ ime, mba Japan, ndị nke chekwubefere n’igwe nuklịa ófè, ga na-enweta onwe ha n’ọnọdụ enweghị ọkụ latiriki ugboro ugboro.

Ala ọma jijiji egbuela ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ na Japan

Chidi Igwe, Regina (CANADA), Satọdee, Maachị 12, 2011.
HA na-achọ puku kwuru puku ndị mmadụ achọ na Japan kemgbe mba ahụ nwere oke ala ọma jijiji nke ndị ọka mmụta tinyere na 8.9 n’ogo mgbakọ ala ọma jijiji n’ụbọchị Fraịdee.
Ala ọma jijiji ahụ kpalitere ide mmiri sụnami, bu nke nyekwuru aka n’imebi ụlọ, akụ n’ụba, yana igbu ndị mmadụ.
Ozi anyị nwetere na-akọwa na narị mmadụ asaa anwụọla. Ọnụ ọgụ ndị tufuru ndụ ha n’ihe mberede a ka ga-agbago.
Ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ merụrụ ahụ na-mpaghara Japan ebe ala ọma jijiji a metụtara.
N’ọ dị n’ihu, anyị ga-nwete ọnụ ọgụ ndị nwụrụ anwụ, ndị merụrụ ahụ, yana ọnụ ego akụ n’ụba ala ọma jijiji a mebiri.

Nkwafu ọbara ka na-agakwa n’ihu na Libịa

Sydney Mbachu, Maryland (USA), Tọzdee, Maachị 10, 2011.
HIzu a emezuola ya izu anọ kemgbe nkwafu ọbara na Libịa bidoro. Ihe bidoro ka ngagharị iwe abụrụziela agha nke otu obodo igbusisi onwe ha. Ka tigbuo na zọgbuo nke a na-achọghị ibi ebi, ndị agha Gadhafi e jirila ụgbụọ elu e ji alụ agha atụgbusi ndị ahụ na-alụso ha ọgụ ná mgbụọ ogbunigwe. Ha chọrọ ka ha napụta mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ obodo ahụ n’aka ndị ahụ na-alụso ọchịchị Gadhafi ọgụ n’ihi na mpaghara ahụ bu ebe mmanụ akụ Chi nyere juputara. [Gụọ akụkọ a]

A gbagbuola ọtụtụ ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe na Libịa

Sydney Mbachu, Maryland (USA), Satọdee, Febụwarị 26, 2011.
HN'abalị nke 25 n'ọnwa nke abụọ nke afọ 2011, ndị otu ndị na-akwado ọchịchị Libịa ghajusiri mgbọ egbe n’ikuku, ebe ha na-emegide ndị ahụ na-eme ngagharị iwe megide onye isi ala Libịa bụ Moammar Gadhafi. Ndị na-eyi egwu a buuru egbe ga nọdusie n'elu ụlọ ya na n'akụkụ iro, wee site n'ebe ndị ahụ agbekịịnyere igwè ndị mmadụ ahụ egbe nke mechara laa otutụ ndụ n'iyi. Taa kwa, ndị na-akwado ọchịchị Gadhafi jiri ike na ọgụ ga napụta otu ọdụ ụgbụọ elu a kpọrọ Misrata Air Base, nke bụ nke dara n'aka ndị ahụ chọrọ ka Gadhafi rịtuo n'ọkwa. [Gụọ akụkọ a] [Gere akụkọ a]

Ọsọ na ije ka obodo dị iche iche ji akpọpụtasị ndị be ha nọ Libịa

Sydney Mbachu, Maryland (USA), Nwenezdee, Febụwarị 23, 2011.
HPuku kwuru puku mmadụ ejirila ọsọ na ije esi Libịa agbafesị Ijipt ha ji azọ ndụ ha. Gọọmenti obodo dị iche iche amalitesịwakwala ịkpọlata ndị be ha nọ Libịa dị ka oke nkwafu ọbara dị n’obodo ahụ kazi njọ.
Dịka otu onye Ijipt nọbu na Libịa si kwuo, ọgbaaghara dị ebe ahụ karịziri akarị. Nke a mere ka ndị mmadụ nyara ụgbọ ala ha ruo oke ala Libịa na Ijipt, bịa werezie ụkwụ baa Ijipt. [Gụọ akụkọ a] [Gere akụkọ a]

 

Ndị Libịa chọrọ ka Gadhafi rịtuo n'ọchịchị

Chidi Igwe, Regina (Canada), Tuzdee, Febụwarị 22, 2011.
HGọọmenti mba Kanada akatọọla gọọmenti mba Libịa maka ọgụ ahụ ndi otu prezidenti Moammar Gadhafi bara ndị mba ahụ na-eme ngahgarị iwe. Ọgbaaghara na-ada na mba Libịa kemgbe izu ụka gara aga. Imirikiti ndị mba Libịa na-eme ngagharị iwe, na-akpọ oku ka prezidenti mba ahụ bụ Moammar Gadhafi rituo n’ọkwa. Gadhafi na-achị mba Libịa kemgbe afọ iri anọ gara aga. [Guọ akụkọ a] [Gere akụkọ a]

Mubarak arịtuola n’ọkwa

Chidi Igwe, Regina (Canada), Fraịdee, Febụwarị 11, 2011.
HOnye ji ọkwa presidenti mba Ijipt rituru n’ọkwa n’abalị 11 nke ọnwa ọktoba. Nke a mere ka ngagharị iwe ndị mba ahụ na-eme banyere mkpụrụ ụbọchị nke iri na asatọ ya.
Onye vaịs presidenti mba ahụ, bụ Suleiman, wetere ozi arụkwaghị m Mubarak na fraịdee. Mubarak nyefere ọchịchị mba Ijipt n’aka ndi soja.
Ndi mba Ijipt nọ n’ọnọdụ ngagharị iwe kemgbe izu uka abụọ na-enwezi añụrị na Mubarak, bụ onye na-achị ha kemgbe afọ iri atọ, mechara rituo n’ọkwa.

 

Ndị Ijipt ka chọrọ ka Mubarak rịtuo n’ọchịchị ozugbo ozugbo

Sydney Mbachu, Maryland (USA), Tuzdee, Febụwarị 8, 2011.
HTaa emezuola ya abalị 15 ngagharị iwe n’Ijipt bidoro, ka ndị Ijipt na-agakwa n’ihu n’ikwusi ike na onye isi ala ha Hosni Mubarak ga-arịturịrị n’ọchịchị.
Wael Ghonim, otu na ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ ukwu a na-akpọ Google bụ onye a gbapụtara na mkpọrọ taa bụ abalị 8 nke ọnwa nke abụọ n’afọ 2011. [Guo akuko a]

Mubarak sị na Ya ga-arịtu n’ọchịchị n’ọnwa Septemba

Sydney Mbachu, Maryland (USA), Tuzdee, Febụwarị 1, 2011.
HN’ikpeazụ, onye isi ala Ijipt Hosni Mubarak ekwuola na ya ga-arịtu n’ọchịchị.
Taa mere ya abalị asatọ ngagharị iwe n’ala Ijipt bidoro. Ndị mmadụ na-ewe iwe, na-asị na onye isi ala ha bụ Hosni Mubarak ga-arịturịrị n’ọchịchị. Taa bụ Tuuzdee, onye isi ala Ijipt kwuru na ya ga-arịtu, ọ bụ eziokwu, kama na ya agaghị eme nke a ruo mgbe ọnwa nke itolu afọ a bụ Septemba rutere isi njedebe. Ọ sị na ya ga-echere maka na ọ bụ otu a ka Iwu Ukwu ala Ijipt siri kwuo. [Guo akuko a]

Cairo na-agba gharaghara

Chidi Igwe, Regina (Canada), Tuzdee, Febụwarị 1, 2011.
HIsi obodo mba Egypt bụ Cairo na-agba gharaghara kemgbe ụbọchị Tuzdee. Puku kwuru puku ndị mba ahụ na-eme ngagharị iwe. Ha na-akpọ oku ka Prezidenti Hosni Mubarak na ndị isi ọchịchị gọọmenti ya rịtuo n’ọkwa [Gere akụkọ a].

 

Egypt Enweela Vais Presidenti Ọhụrụ

Chidi Igwe, Regina (Canada), Satọdee, Jenuwarị 29, 2011.
HHosni Mubarak ahọpụtala Omar Suleiman dịka onye ga-ejiziri ya ọkwa Vais Prezidenti. Nke a mere na Satọdee ka imirikiti ndị mba Egypt jụrụ iwete ngagharị iwe ahụ na-aga n’ihu ugbua n’isi njedebe. Ndị mba Egypt chọrọ ka Mubarak, bụ onye na-achị obodo ahụ kemgbe afọ iri abụọ na asatọ, rịtuo n’ọkwa. Ozi anyị nwetere na-akọwa na e gbuolarị ihe karịrị mmadụ iri isii na abụọ, ma merụọ ihe karịrị puku mmadụ abụọ ahụ.

 

Mz Guillaume Soro Awuchiela n’Abuja

Chidi Igwe, Regina (Canada), Tuzdee, Jenuwarị 25, 2011.
HMaazị Guillaume Soro bụ onye Praịm Minista mba Kotovua, na-arụrụ Alassane Ouattara ọrụ, erutego n’Abuja maka ịkparị ụbụbọ n’etiti ya na Prezidenti ala Nigeria bụ Goodluck Jonathan. Mz Soro mere njem a iji kelee Jonathan, bụ onye ji ọkwa dịka onye isi oche otu ECOWAS. Ndi otu ECOWAS kpebiri ịchụtu Laurent Gbagbo n’ọkwa, ma kwadokwezie Alassane Ouattara, bụ onye e kwuru na ya tuuru ugo mmeri na ntụli aka ahụ e mere na mba Kotovua [Gere akụkọ a].
Chidi Igwe, Regina (Canada), Satudee, Jenuwarị 8, 2011.
HOtu nwanyị onye omebe iwu na Tucson na steeti Arizona ejirila isi ya ghọrọ mgbọ. Ozi anyị nwetere na-akọwa na otu nwaokorobịa gbara afọ iri abụọ na abụọ gbara Gabrielle Giffords egbe n’isi, ebe nwanyị omebe iwu a so n’otu demokratik pati na-ahazi ọgbakọ banyere ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị na ọnụmara ya dị na Arizona.
A na-akọwa na nwaokorobịa onye omekome a na ndị na-echekwa Giffords kwarịtara mgbọ. A gbatara nwaamadị a egbe tupu ndị uwe oji akpachie ya.
Mmadụ ole na ole tufuru ndụ ha. Ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ merụrụ nnukwute ahụ.
E bugara Gabrielle Giffords n’ụlọ ọgwụ Tuscon Teaching Hospital. E kwuru na ọnọdụ ahụ ike onye omebe iwu a jọrọ njọ, mana enwebeghị onye ma otu ọ dị ya—ma ọ dị ndụ ma ọ nwụrụ anwụ.
President Barack Obama kwuputere na ụdị akparama agwa a jọgburu udele ma sigbuo nkapị.

Ottawa ga-eji foto akwa ọnwụ megide ise sịga

Chidi Igwe, Fraịdee, dizemba 31, 2010
HMinistrị okwu gbasara ahụ ike dị n’aka egosiputela foto iri na isii ndi a ga na-amapanye n’okpokoro sịga n’ime afọ puku abuọ na iri na otu. N’ime foto ndi ahụ, nke kachasị emetu ndi mmadu n’obi bụ nke onye minista ngalaba ahụ ike bụ Leona Aglukkaq kpọrọ “foto akwa ọnwụ, nke pụtara ”death bed photo” n’olu bekee.
Onye nọ na foto akwa ọnwụ ahụ bụ nwaada Barb Tarbox, nwa afọ mba Canada nwụrụ n’afọ puku abụọ na atọ gara aga, site n’aka ọrịa kansa nke mkpụrụ akụkụ. Ndi dibịa bekee chọpụtara na Barb Tarbox butere ọrịa ahụ site n’iñụ sịga. Tupu ọnwụ egbuo ya, a matara Barb Tarbox nke ọma dịka onye lụrụ nnukwute ọgụ maka igbochi ise sịga na Kanada. (Gụọ akụkọ a)

Ndị Ripọblịkan Chọrọ Iwepụ Atụmatụ Ahụ Ike Barack Obama Tinyere n’Ọrụ

Sydney Mbachu, Maryland (USA), Fraịdee, Jenuwarị 7, 2011.
HKa e mechara ntụli aka elu ikpeazụ n’Amerịka, ndị Ripọblịkan karịziri n’ọnụ ọgụgụ n’ụlọ ndị omeiwu. Ka ha seliri ọgụ na mbàzụ ha ji ejikere ịmalite ọrụ ụnyaahụ, ha yiri oke egwu sị na ha ga-ebibi ya bụ atụmatụ ahụ ike nke onye isi ala Barack Obama, onye Demokrat, rụsiri ọrụ ike were wepụta n’afọ gara aga. Oge ahụ, ndị Demokrat karịrị n’ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mere ka atụmatụ a nwee ike ịgafenwu n’ụlọ ndị omeiwu, na-agbanyeghị sị na ọtụtụ ndị Ripọblịkan ekweghị atụliri atụmatụ ahụ aka elu. Ugbu a ha bụzi ọga n’ọchịchị, ha ekpebiela na ha ga-ewepụ ya bụ iwu. (Gụọ akụkọ a)

Egwuregwu bọọlu ụkwụ

Akụkọ na-abia...

Erimeri ndi Igbo

Akụkọ na-abia...

Ndi Igbo nọ na mba

Ụmụ Igbo na-eme mmemme “Ụbọchị Ndi Igbo” na Winnipeg. Gere ya n'uju »
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Igbo: I Go Before Others - A Divine Mandate

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Expert Author Vitus Ejiogu
The name a person bears often tells more about that person than what he/she claims to be. There is power in the name we bear as individuals, or as a group. Today, most people try to change their names to something better, which will actually speak well of them, or reflect what they believe for themselves, both now and in the future. The name "Igbo" which I see today as an acronym of "I Go Before Others" is a challenge to the Igbo people with the position of leadership. This tells us that the Igbo who are presently living in Nigeria are actually a ruling class, and this leadership quality is a mandate from God.

Though occupying the South Eastern part of Nigeria made up of five States: Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu and Imo, the Igbo have their people settling in almost every parts of the world. All the Igbo States of Nigeria are densely populated, even when majority of the Igbo live outside Igboland. It is a fact that the Igbo race is business inclined, yet majority of its population are well educated. This is because the Igbo people embraced Western Education as early as the coming of the Whiteman. This has also contributed to the respected positions they occupy today.

Western education can be said to be the desire of every Igbo man either to acquire it personally or to sponsor his/her ward for same. The Igbo man has come to recognize that western education is the shortest way to attain greatness in social circles, and so goes for its acquisition. It is in pursuit of this aspiration, that between 1977 and 1979 there was a proliferation of primary and secondary schools in that part of the country by communities through communal efforts. However, the States within this geo-political region established some tertiary institutions in order to meet the growing demand of the Igbo populace. Schools like Federal Polytechnic Nekede, Oko Polytechnic, Alvan Ikoku College of Education, Anambra State University, Imo State University and a host of others were established.

The Igbo people, having drawn up inspirations from their fellow Igbo men who acquired western education, have come to realize that for any man to be a leader, he must surely be educated. Indeed "Knowledge is Power". It is this understanding that makes one distinguished in midst of his equals. Personalities like the ZIK of Africa, the Mbadiwe's, the Chike Obi's, the Chinua Achebe's and a host of other well-meaning Igbo people were sources of encouragement from where the Igboman built up his desire to pursue this aspiration. People are today intimidated by the influence of the Igboman in a0ny angle. This could be the reason behind the nonchalant attitude of the government towards providing free education in any of the Oriental States, as was the case of the Yorubas in the West during the time of Pa Awo when he was the Premier of the defunct Western Region.

In this part of Nigeria, education at all levels has become very costly, yet parents realizing its importance, are striving to sponsor their wards no matter hard the situation may be. However, the dilapidated nature of our primary and secondary schools, lack of essential academic equipment and non payment of teachers' salary in our institutions today, is something that keeps an average Igbo man constantly thinking. The presence of all these bottlenecks are seen as a calculated attempt towards disorientating the Igbo race and handing them over to false beliefs that leadership is not all about formal education, but has its root in wealth.

As a result, most Igbo people are truly buying the idea that education without wealth is nothing. This idea has robbed the Igboman so much that majority of the people no longer sees education as an important asset. The situation is now critical because as those in the other parts of Nigeria are receiving and utilizing government grants to make up for the education of the girl-child, their Igbo brothers are sisters are busy looking for greener pastures for survival. It should be noted that in Igboland today, boy-child education on the decline. The former effort of the communities to sponsor their children and wards is becoming history due to the activities of certain uninformed individuals and groups, who now see western education as a long process of acquiring wealth. The belief is that wealth can be acquired by training young men in business rather than through formal education. As a matter of fact, more children are being withdrawn from schools or denied education simply because their parents need the money faster!

This attitude therefore suggests that the effort being made by the Igboman towards education in establishing schools will soon become a futile exercise. In view of this trend, and in realization of the objective of establishing schools in the South-Eastern Nigeria, the various state governments should make it compulsory for every teenager to have a right to education. This will help in building up and harnessing the leadership qualities of the Igboman and thus accomplishing the divine mandate.

Vitus Ejiogu is a writer and publisher with the Fire-Brand Int"l Ministries, a media ministry that is based in Nigeria. He is the editor of FOUNDATION SATELLITE magazine also published by the ministry. He pastors a Church in Bauchi and is married with two children.

You can reach him at: firebrandhq@yahoo.com or, 234 802 8181 829. Website: http://istandwithigbo.blogspot.com
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Vitus_Ejiogu
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Igbo History

#The Igbo, sometimes (especially formerly) referred to as Ibo, are one of the largest single ethnicities in Africa. Most Igbo speakers are based in southeast Nigeria, where they constitute about 17% of the population; they can also be found in significant numbers in Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea. Their language is also called Igbo. The primary Igbo states in Nigeria are Anambra, Abia, Imo, Ebonyi, and Enugu States. The Igbos also constitute more than 25% of the population in some Nigerian States like Delta State and Rivers State. Traces of the Igbo Culture and language could be found in Cross River, Akwa Ibom and Bayelsa States. Igbo language is predominant in such cities like Onitsha, Aba, Owerri, Enugu, Nnewi, Nsukka, Awka, Umuahia, and Asaba, amongst others.
Origin
There have been postulations of different origins of the Igbo; however, serious studies based on testable facts clarify that the Igbo have lived in their country for tens of millennia. The archeological finds at Ugwuele Okigwe make an insightful proof of human activities in the theatre of Igbo civilization more than two hundred and fifty thousand years ago. Evidence of man-made tools like axe, pottery and carved stones dug up at the present day Enugu and Ebonyi states establish the credibility of the habitation of Igbo for a very long time. In other words, traditions of Igbo origin favor Igbo genesis in Igboland.
According to Professor Oriji as well as Forde and Jones, the Isu group of the Igbo nation would appear to be the largest in population and seem to occupy a contiguous stretch of land from the center of Igboland expanding to all directions. This implies that the initial Igbo cultural and structural ideas likely evolved from the Isu. Their spread has helped to harmonize the features of the Igbo Cultural Area. In the Orlu section of Isu that claim autochthony for instance, a primogenitor was recollected of the name Igbo Ngidi, who was spiritually and scientifically advanced. He founded Ama Igbo [The abode of the Igbo].
#From Ama Igbo in Orlu, he instituted various blacksmithing centers, agricultural practices, commerce and religious oracles. He further established his ideas at a place he called Igbo Ukwu [Igbo the Great] in praise of his success. It was from these places of initial causes (Ama Igbo and Igbo Ukwu) that the Igbo multiplied and occupied the present-day Igboland. It is recollected that Igbo people called themselves Umu Igbo Ngidi [Children of Igbo Ngidi], which was shortened to Umu Igbo. Today, Igbo means the people, the language and the land. Etymologically, the word "Igbo" connotes "human community".

With regard to the genesis of the Igbo in relation to their original population stock and areas of initial settlements and dispersals, four views are worth mentioning:

THE AMAIGBO VIEW OF IGBO ORIGIN

There exists the speculation of settlement from antiquity among the Orlu and Isu group. Within this zone, Amaigbo near Isunjaba stands out with complex sophistication that ushers valid insight into Igbo settlements of old as well as the evolution of the cultural, linguistic, behavioral and psychological patterns that give the Igbo a distinct outlook. Some historians noted that with population explosion, people from this region spread rapidly and founded other parts of Igboland. The axis in question constitutes the upper half of the "Southern Igbo" involving the Isu, Orsu, Orlu and Ihiala group. THE OWERRI VIEW OF IGBO ORIGIN

This is shared by both indigenes and foreigners alike, who see the Owerri region as the archetype originality of Igbo. Critical insights into the height of linguistic and cultural evolution attained here attest this standpoint. This region covers the stretch of land from Urata surroundings to Umuahia areas. This view is held by Elizabeth Isichei, who suggests that Igbo origin has its root somewhere in Owerri-Umuahia axis. Hence, from here, there skyrocketed the outward radiation of Igbo characteristic elan. In other words, the original population stock from this region expanded north, south, east and west. THE AWKA VIEW OF IGBO ORIGIN

It suggests an earlier habitation of the Awka and Nri axis, whose people emerged as the first and original Igbo group. After elapsing series of internal evolution, there was the need to expand due to population pressures. There are claims of autochthony here, where migrations are just remembered to be a few miles from the present abode. Igbo cultural thoughts could have developed by this region around the Omambara and Ezu river basins being among the important elements of civilization. Factors that fuel this view include the Awka smithery and the emergence of Nri ritual functions. THE OWERE-AWKA VIEW OF IGBO ORIGIN

The fourth satisfies the result of archaeological studies that noted the continuous inhabitation of Igboland from prehistoric period. Regarding the complex dynamism involved in the question of Igbo origin, K.O. Dike and P.A. Talbot argue that Awka and Owerri form the focal foundation of early Igbo dispersal. Chikezie Uchendu also holds this view that the area stretching from Awka to Owerri form the Igbo heartland belt. Botanical and anthropological evidence confirm a continuous settlement of the Igbo in Igboland with a cultural continuum from the lithic periods to this day. Uchendu elaborates that "the belt formed by Owerri, Awka, Orlu and Okigwe divisions constitute this nuclear area" of Igbo evolution. People in this area have no tradition of coming from anywhere else. Within this belt, villages are small in area but are very densely populated due to internal sub-divisions over long period of habitation and group autonomy. Communities lying outside this core belt make a sharp contrast, where villages are large in area but are scantly populated. In summary, the Igbo are African people who have occupied their land for many millennia, splitting off from other Africans and evolving a distinct system.

Isichei, Elizabeth. A History of the Igbo People. London: Macmillan, 1976.

Oriji, Nwachimereze J. Traditions of Igbo Origin: A study of pre-colonial population movements in Africa. New York: P. Lang, 1994.

Talbot, P.A. The Peoples of Southern Nigeria. Vol. 4. London: Oxford, 1926.

Uchendu, Victor C. The Igbo of Southeast Nigeria. New York: Holt, 1965.

Pre-colonial life
Pre-colonial Igbo political organization was based on semiautonomous communities, devoid of kings or governing chiefs. With the exception of towns such as Onitsha, which had kings called Obis, and places like Nri and Arochukwu, which had priest kings known as Ezes, most Igbo village governments were ruled solely by an assembly of the common people. Although titleholders were respected because of their accomplishments, they were never revered as kings, but often performed special functions given to them by such these assemblies. This way of governing was immensely different from most other communities of Western Africa, and only shared by the Ewe of Ghana. Igbo secret societies also had a ceremonial scriptcalled Nsibidi. Igbos had a calendar in which a week has four days. A month has seven weeks and thirteen months a year. The last month had an extra day.They also had mathematics called Okwe and Mkpisi and a saving and loans bank system called Isusu. They settled law matters by oath-taking to a god. If that person died in a certain amount of time, he was guilty. If not, he was free to go, but if guilty, that person could face exile or servitude to a deity.

Post-colonization
The arrival of the British in the 1870s and increased encounters between the Igbo and other Nigerians led to a deepening sense of a distinct Igbo ethnic identity. The Igbo also proved remarkably decisive and enthusiastic in their embrace of Christianity and Western education. Under British colonial rule, the diversity within each of Nigeria's major ethnic groups slowly decreased and distinctions between the Igbo and other large ethnic groups, such as the Hausa and the Yoruba became sharper.

The novel Things Fall Apart by Igbo author Chinua Achebe, is a fictional account of the clash between the new influences of the British and the traditional life of the Igbo.

Instability and Biafra Seccession
In 1966, a failed coup d'etat by Nigerian army officers led by an Igbo - Major Kaduna Nzeogwu - resulted in the death of Sir Ahmadu Bello, the Sardauna of Sokoto, a prominent northern Nigerian of the Hausa ethnic group. Although the coup was foiled primarily by another Igbo, Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi, the belief prevailed in northern Nigeria that Hausa leaders were singled out for death. This situation gave rise to a retaliatory pogrom in which tens of thousands of Igbo were murdered in northern Nigeria, which led to the headlong flight back to the Eastern Region of as many as two million Igbos.

Eventually, the crisis reached an apex in May 1967 with the secession of the Igbo-dominated Eastern Region from Nigeria to form the Republic of Biafra headed by the aforementioned Colonel Ojukwu. The secession quickly led to civil war after talks between former Army colleagues, Yakubu Gowon and Ojukwu broke down. The Republic of Biafra lasted only until January 1970 after a campaign of starvation by the Nigerian Army with the support of Egypt, Sudan and the United Kingdom led to a decisive victory.

Excerpt from last wartime speech of Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu Head of Biafran state.

"In the three years of the war necessity gave birth to invention. During those three years of heroic bound, we leapt across the great chasm that separates knowledge from know-how. We built rocket, and we designed and built our own delivery systems. We guided our rockets. We guided them far; we guided them accurately. For three years, blockaded without hope of import, we maintained all our vehicles. The state extracted and refined petrol, individuals refined petrol in their back gardens. We built and maintained our airports, maintained them under heavy bombardment. Despite the heavy bombardment, we recovered so quickly after each raid that we were able to maintain the record for the busiest airport in the continent of Africa. We spoke to the world through telecommunication system engineered by local ingenuity; the world heard us and spoke back to us! We built armored cars and tanks. We modified aircraft from trainer to fighters, from passenger aircraft to bombers. In the three years of freedom we had broken the technological barrier. In the three years we became the most civilized, the most technologically advanced black people on earth."

The Igbo Today
After the Nigerian Civil War, Igboland had been severely devastated. Many hospitals, schools, and homes had been completely destroyed in the brutal war. The Federal government of Nigeria denied the Igbo people access to all the hard currencies such as pound sterling they had saved in Nigeria banks before the civil war, and only allowed them a minuscule compensation of £20 per adult bank account holder. For example, a man who had over £450,000.00 savings in one or several bank accounts could only receive £20.00 following this policy.

In addition to the loss of their savings, many Igbo people found themselves discriminated against by other ethnic groups and the new non-Igbo federal government. Due to the discrimination of employers, many Igbos had trouble finding employment, and the Igbos became one of the poorest ethnic groups in Nigeria during the early 1970s. As an even greater insult, in Port Harcourt, their control was handed over to their Ijaw neighbours and the Ikwerre (an Igbo subgroup who have separated and claimed no Igbo origin). Igboland was gradually rebuilt over a period of twenty years and the economy was again prospering due to the rise of the Niger Delta petroleum industry, which led to new factories being set up in southern Nigeria. This recovery, from the depths of the Biafran War, is an example of the uncanny resilience and resourcefulness of the Igbo. Many Igbos eventually regained government positions.

The Igbo, however, also face many problems and challenges today. Even today, Igbo people have sometimes continued to face discrimination from other ethnic groups. Igboland towns, such as Enugu, Onitsha and Owerri, lack sufficient resources and good infrastructure for their inhabitants. Also, because the traditional Igbo homeland was becoming too small for its growing population, many Igbo have emigrated out of Igboland.

The Igbo Diaspora
After the Nigerian Civil War, many Igbo emigrated out of the traditional Igbo homeland in southeastern Nigeria due to a growing population, decreasing land, and poor infrastructure. Not only have the Igbo people moved to such Nigerian cities as Lagos, Benin City, and Abuja, but have also moved to other countries such as Togo, Ghana, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Prominent Igbo communities outside Africa include those of London, UK, Houston, Atlanta and Washington D.C USA. Finland, Malaysia. Infact Igbo’s can be found in virtually any part of the world.


References:
Onwutalobi, A. C, History of Otolo Nnewi, http://codewit.com/historyofotolo.php
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