Monday 13 January 2014

Historical Background of Northern Nigeria and the 1966 Pogrom





 For a century before the advent of British administration in Nigeria. the Fulani provided the ruling class of most Northern Nigeria. The notable exception is the Bornu Emirate to the northeast which is inhabited by the Kanuri. What we now know as the provinces of Sokoto, Gwandu. Katsina. Kano. Zaria. Bauchi. Adamawa. Plateau and Niger fell under varying degrees to the influence of the Fulani aristocracy. Northern Nigeria was by no means a void nor was it without history. We do not propose to delve into ancient history. This is hardly a useful exercise here. Suffice it to say that British expansion met established Hausa states at varying levels of development and prosperity. There were in all at this stage 14 Hausa states which comprised. Daura, Kano, Zaria, Gobir, Katsina, Rono and Biram (the Hausa Bakwai or legitimate 7 states); Zamfara. Kebbi, Nupe, Gwari, Gauri, lIorin (Yoruba) and Kwararafa (the banza Bakwai or upstart seven which developed to the south and west of the original group). Each state had its own traditions and legends of origin and at varying degrees had embraced or come under the influence of Islam. It has been said that it would be strictly incorrect :0 refer to these Hausa states as if they belonged to the same ethnic group. They were people who spoke the Hausa language and adopted the Hausa mode of dress and life generally.
When the 19th Century opened, the Fulani appeared to be the predominant race in the Sudan. Fulani is the Hausa name for the people who call themselves Fulbe. They themselves made a distinction between the Cattle Fulani and the Town Fulani; the latter included the aristocratic families such as the Torobe. The origin of these people is less than clear. What is more certain, however, is that by the 16th century, there was a steady movement of those Fulani people from the region now known as Senegal towards the East through Messina and the Hausa states toward Chad and Adamawa and beyond.
From the rank of the Fulani the great religious leaders of the 18th and 19th centuries came in the Sudan to launch a series of religious movements which, as often happened in Islam, passed into political wars. We are here concerned with the religious movement that affected Northern Nigeria.
Usman Dan Fodio who was subsequently known as Shehu or Sheikh was born a Fulani in the Hausa state of Gobir about 1750. He was brought up with his brother Abdullahi as a strict Muslim and after studying for some years in Agades he felt the call to dedicate his life to teaching the faith. On his return from Agades, Dan Fodio acted as tutor to the Sarkin Gobir's two sons in Alkaluwa. One of these was Yunfa who was later to succeed to the throne. In the interval before his accession Dan Fodio felt obliged to withdraw from Alkaluwa giving as his reason the reversion to pagan practices by the court and the hostility shown toward the Muslim faith. When Yunfa finally became King, he sought out his old tutor and encouraged him to resume his itinerant preaching. Dan Fodio soon fell out with the new king and in 1804 was driven to flight. A party rallied to him, defeated the king, and proclaimed Dan Fodio, (now their leader) Sarkin Musulmi, Commander of the Faithful, a title which is still held by his successor, the Sultan of Sokoto. A general movement broke out all over the area which later became Northern Nigeria.
The line of cleavage did not run clear between the Fulanis and the Hausas but the Fulani who provided the energy and ambition to the apparent religious cause. Everywhere followers of the Shehu, appointed or self-appointed, received flags from his hands. They called upon the faithful to drive out the old Hausa or as they were called the Habe dynasties and then set themselves up in turn as rulers subject to Sokoto which had become the seat of the Fulani authority in 1810. Not only was this change accomplished in the old Hausa kingdoms but in the impetus of the movement, Fulani leaders pushed the boundaries of Islam south, incorporating in varying degrees many pagan tribes.
As indicated earlier, the movement for religious revival degenerated into a political war of conquest. Consequently, the son of the Shehu. Bello, who succeeded him became more interested in the military and political results of the religious revival than in spreading the faith.
The record of Fulani success had some important exceptions. The ancient Kanuri kingdom of Bornu with its capital near Lake Chad and itself Moslem. threw back the Fulani invaders. The holy man of Bomu. EI-Kanemi, taunted Shehu Usman Dan Fodio with having turned a war of religion into one of conquest and with attacking his co-religionists. EI-Kanemi frankly admitted that some of his chiefs had relapsed into heathenism, that the Alkalis or Moslem judges sometimes took bribes and that women went unveiled; but he argued that this was not sufficient excuse for war. This opposition from Bornu, as we shall see when we come to consider the pattern and the spread of the atrocities in the 1966 pogrom, seems to rear its head once again in 1966. Bello in his defence of his father's action justified it mainly on the ground of proselytism. Said he:
And the second reason for our jihad was that they were heathens, the people of Hausa. A further reason for the war was that we sought to aid truth against falsehood and to strengthen Islam. For to make war on the heathen from the beginning, if one has the power is declared a duty. So also is it a duty to make war on those heathen who have converted to Islam and later have reverted to heathenism, if one has the power. In truth we stated at the beginning of this book that the Hausa chiefs, their people and their mallams were evildoers.
At the beginning of the present century, the British administration emerged in Northern Nigeria. They based their title on conquest. Sir Fredrick Lugard, the first British Governor of Northern Nigeria asserted in one of his early reports as follows: - "The Fulani hold their suzerainty by right of conquest. I can myself see no injustice in the transfer of the suzerainty thus acquired to the British by the same right of conquest."
The Fulani caste seemed to have accepted their masters without much resistance. The explanation of this, it is said, was due in part to the insecurity of the Fulani position in relation to their subjects who had shown little loyalty to the Fulani during the period of their confrontation with the British.
 
The British, by force of arms, broke the Fulani ascendancy in the North, but by a twist of irony, restored that supremacy under the system of indirect rule. Once the suzerainty of the British was accepted by the Fulani, the British were content to allow and even to support and consolidate the authority of the Fulani Emirs in their various Emirates. The Fulani Emir was left as the head of the native administration, the head of the native judiciary, the religious head, and practically the head of everything in his emirate. Offices in the native administration, in the native administration police, in the native judiciary, were filled by appointees of the emirs. These appointees were invariably the relations of the Emir or his courtiers. Moslem religion permeated every aspect of life in the Emirates. The society became a 'closed shop'. Strangers especially non­-Moslems, had no place in the society.
It is generally accepted that in 1966 there were over 2 million Easterners in Northern Nigeria. Their presence in the North was all connected with the amalgamation of Northern and Southern Nigeria in 1914 by the British. Unfortunately, although they were there in such large numbers and for so long and filled a very important position in the economic and political development of Northern Nigeria, they were never fully integrated into the mainstream of life in society. They became what sociologists call a privileged pariah class - 'privileged' because participating in and benefiting from the modernising sectors of the economy to which the Northern moslems had been induced to turn their back. Their standard of living was higher than the normal run of life of most Northerners. They were ‘pariah’ because they were kept outside the rank system of society. Because of the attitude of the Northern Moslems to modern education, the administrators of the day were compelled to employ these Easterners though they disliked having them. It cut across the policy of the day of separating the North from the South. 'Divide and rule’ is a cliché which has grown odious by being frequently used for all situations whether appropriate or not: but it really enshrined an important gem of British colonial policy. The North and South were amalgamated in 1914 ostensibly under one government yet the 'writ' of the Legislative Council in Lagos did not run into Northern Nigeria. The British colonial administrator reserved the right to legislate alone for the North until the Richard's Constitution of 1946. Easterners and in fact other non-Northerners were restricted in most of the towns to strangers’ quarters called Saban Gari. In these circumstances the Easterners and Northerners grew up as separate communities. Dissimilarities were accentuated and old prejudices hardened. Since 1950 attempts, especially by Southerners, were made to bridge the gap but such attempts were regarded by the Northern aristocracy as an imposition from the South and were smashed.
The emergence of political parties in Nigeria did not improve matters in the North either. As far as the North was concerned it did not succeed in breaking down the old barriers. The dominant political party in the North (the Northern People's Congress) started off as a party of native administration functionaries and appointees of the Emirs and never really went beyond that. It is our view that the foundation of Nigeria contained the seeds of her own destruction.

Planning and Organisation of the Pogrom
Before the Army takeover of January, 1966 the position of Easterners and Northerners was insecure. As far back as 1953 the Eastern community in Kano, capital of Kano Emirate and a famous trade centre, was subjected to ruthless attack by the Northerners. This incident was later to be known as the Kano riots of 1953. It was so violent and bloody that the then British administration set up an official inquiry. The principal organiser of this attack was Mallam Inua Wada, then Secretary of the Kano branch of the Northern People's Congress and later the Federal Minister of Works in the Federal Government of the late Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa. The ostensible reason for this planned attack on an unsuspecting Eastern community was that it was a retaliation for the booing and jeering experienced by the Northern members of Parliament at the hands of Lagos crowds in Lagos.
Lagos, be it noted, was and still is the capital of Nigeria whose population has always been mainly Yorubas. The official report disclosed that it was not the proposed visit to Kano of an Easterner that sparked off the trouble but that of a Western (Yoruba) politician, Chief S.L. Akintola a member of the Action Group party. The Action Group was then a bitter opponent of the N.P.C. the dominant party in Northern Nigeria. According to the report, Mallam Inua Wada convened a meeting of the Native Authority sectional heads at the Works Depot in Kano and treated them to a most provocative speech. He said, inter alia:
“Having abused us in the South these very Southerners have decided to come over to the North to abuse us, but we are determined to retaliate treatment given us in the South. We have therefore organised about 1000 men ready in the city to meet force with force.
We are determined to show Akintola and his Group what we can do in our land when they come.... The Northern Peoples Congress has declared a strike in all Native Administration offices for Saturday, 16 May 1953.... We shall post sufficient number of men at the entrance of every office and business place.... We are prepared to face anything that comes out of this business.”
 On Saturday 11th May 1953, these organised crowds swooped down in bloody massacre on innocent citizens in spite of the fact that the visit of Chief Akintola's team had been previously banned. Chief Akintola did not turn up in Kano. The irony in the whole incident was that the Northern rioters switched the attack from Westerners (Yorubas) whom they scarcely touched to Easterners whom they butchered with a "universally unexpected degree of violence."
In its conclusions the Commission of Inquiry condemned the riots in these terms: "No amount of provocation, short term or long term, can in any sense justify their behaviour.” And it warned that the "Seeds of the trouble which broke out in Kano on May 16 (1953) have their counterparts still in the ground. It could happen again and only a realization and acceptance of the underlying causes can remove the danger of reccurance."
We take note of the fact that in the Kano riots much use was made of Native Administration agencies both in the planning and execution of the riots. When one recalls the important position which the Native Administration occupies in the scheme of government in Northern Nigeria under the system of indirect rule and even after independence, the extreme danger inherent in the deployment of governmental agencies for riotous attacks on innocent citizens becomes disturbingly apparent. Yet this practice reached its peak in the pogrom of 1966.
The evidence disclosed that although there was no incident of violence comparable with the 1953 Kano riots that took place until 1966, yet the position of the Easterners was gravely threatened in other directions. This was especially so in economic fields, as it was a known fact that Easterners had huge investments in the North. The dispossession of the Easterners’ market stalls and other sources of livelihood were not an isolated act of a spiteful few but an expression of a deliberate Government policy. But what was the reasons this hostilities to Easterners and especially to the Igbos?
Evidence showed that the late Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sarduana of Sokoto built up, trained and maintained a para-military organisation known as the ‘Sarduana Brigade’ as his private army. This group turned out to be an instrument used for eliminating Easterners from the North. Apart from the Census trouble, the 1964 general election saw the members of Sarduana Brigade going round telling people that there would be trouble in the whole country if the NPC should lose the election. Many NEPU men and women were killed because they were in alliance with the NCNC. Hundreds of them were imprisoned in the North. What saved the situation and a mass killing of Igbos in 1964 was the boycott of the 1964 election by the U.P.G.A. In fact during one of the meetings of the U.P.GA for North campaign, Dr. Okpara was called upon informing him that the elections should be boycotted or postponed because of the threat given to the Easterners by the Sarduana Brigade and some Northern parliamentarians at that time. Of course between 1962 and 1964 whenever there was any local election or regional election, people were chased up and down especially people who were living in Sabon Gari. They had some trouble with the Igbos because of the alliance with the N.E.P.U"
Before the Army takeover of January 1966, there were many events that unfolded in other parts of the country especially in Western Nigeria. As people watch events as they unfold, it was clear to every Dick and Harry that the Federation was papably sick. The Western Nigeria elections of October 1965 brought the Federation to the brink of disintegration. 
The 1965 Western elections were openly rigged. The blatant electoral irregularities plunged the Region into serious violence as the citizens were driven to take the law into their own hands.
Chaos reigned supreme. Even the Chairman of the Electoral Commission of Western Nigeria after listing the shortcomings of the election publicly confessed his doubt about "the future of free and fair elections in the whole-of Nigeria." Writing in the same vein a correspondent of the African World, a London monthly commented in the issue of March 1966: "The ruling party in the Western Region, by alliance with its opposite number in the North has practically ended all hopes of effecting constitutional changes in the country by democratic means."
The word "pogrom" has been used in this write-up to describe what took place in Nigeria in 1966 because it is the most appropriate term to use. In that sense it means a violent riot aimed at massacre or persecution of an ethnic or religious group. It should be noted that the anti-Igbo of 1966 as a series of massacres were directed at Igbo and other southern Nigerian residents throughout Nigeria before and after the overthrow (and assassination) of the Aguiyi-Ironsi junta by Murtala Mohammed.
What were the forces responsible for this great tragedy? Evidence disclosed that it was not a case of popular rebellion by an oppressed people or a case of protest getting out of hand or of a spontaneous outburst of communal strife sparked off by some sudden provocation which resulted in the loss of lives, destruction and looting of property in one or two towns. Rather, it was a planned exercise which involved various "interests" and personalities. The pogrom was planned on a wide scale.

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)
The January Army takeover was hailed throughout the whole Federation. The disturbances in the Western Region and in the Tiv areas of the North which marked the last days of first Republic came to an immediate halt. There was a marked sense of relief throughout the whole country. The mood of the country was amply portrayed by the national press. The Daily Times accused the politicians for the way things had gone wrong with the country and "praised the New Regime for a manner in which it had effected the changeover without causing much public panic". The West African Pilot said that January 16 would "go down in history as a great day for Nigeria because it was the day Nigeria took a new lease of life". The Nigerian Morning Post (the official organ of the Federal Government) after accusing the politicians in Nigeria of thinking they had a divine right to lord it over the ordinary people declared "we, of this newspaper join millions of fellow countrymen in welcoming the dawn of this era in the history of our country." The New Nigerian of the North observed that "regionalism and tribalism have been the major factors that have precipitated the present crisis. If we have learnt that much, then some good may come out of what has happened".
The only discordant note was struck by the B.B.C. in London. Within 48 hours of the Army takeover the B.B.C. correspondent dubbed the whole episode as an Igbo coup. The B.B.C. was to stick to this note to the end.

Wednesday 25 September 2013

Notable Igbo Artists and illustrators

Name Born Death Notability
Chike Aniakor 1939

Ifeanyi Chijindu



Ndidi Dike



George Edozie



Ben Enwonwu 1921 1994

Tony Nsofor



Demas Nwoko 1935

Mendi & Keith Obadike 1973

Chris Ofili 10 October 1968

Uche Okeke 1933

Nnenna Okore 1975

Dawn Okoro 1980

Ada Udechukwu 1960

Obiora Udechukwu 1946

Actors and Actresses

Name Born Death Notability
Stella Damasus-Aboderin April 24, 1978

Francis Agu February 18, 1965 March 20, 2007

Ifeanyi Chijindu



Caroline Chikezie 1979


Chioma Chukwuka 12 March 1980

Rita Dominic 12 July 1975

Megalyn Echikunwoke May 28, 1983

Pete Edochie



Chiwetel Ejiofor 10 July 1974 An award-winning and two-time Golden Globe Award-nominated actor
Osita Iheme



Chinedu Ikedieze



Genevieve Nnaji May 3, 1979 Best Actress in a Leading Role, African Movie Academy Award 2005
Chike Nwoffiah



Stephanie Okereke 1982 Best Actress - English & Best Actress of the year 2003, Reel Awards 2003 - also nominated twice for the African Movie Academy Award 2005 and 2009 for Best Actress in a Leading Role
Onyeka Onwenu



Cyril Nri 1961

Kanayo O. Kanayo March 1, 1962

Oby Kechere



Tonto Dike



Michael Ezuruonye



Chiké Okonkwo 18 March 1982

Antonia Okonma 24 July 1984

Oge Okoye



Ngoli Onyeka Okafor December 30, 1979

Zack Orji



Phina Oruche August 31, 1975

Nkem Owoh



Paul Robeson April 9, 1898 January 23, 1976 A multi-lingual American actor, athlete, Basso cantante concert singer, writer, civil rights activist, fellow traveler, Spingarn Medal winner, and Stalin Peace Prize laureate.
Forest Whitaker July 15, 1961 An American actor, producer, and director who won an Academy Award for his performance as Ugandan dictator Idi Amin in the 2006 film The Last King of Scotland'.
Blair Underwood August 25, 1964 An American television and film actor nominated for a 2009 Golden Globe Award for his role on In Treatment
Kenneth Okonkwo

Nollywood's first actor in a leading role
Joshua Uzoigwe July 1, 1946 October 2005

Authors

Name Born Death Notability
Chris Abani December 27, 1966 Notable for his first novel, Masters of the Board, which was about a Neo-Nazi takeover of Nigeria.
Chinua Achebe November 16, 1930 March 21, 2013 A novelist, poet and critic, Achebe is best known for his award winning novel, Things Fall Apart.
Catherine Obianuju Acholonu October, 1951

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie September 15, 1977 Best known for Half of a Yellow Sun
Nnorom Azuonye July, 1967

William Napolean Barleycorn 1884 1925 a Spanish Guinean Primitive Methodist missionary and author of the first Bube language primer. He was a member of a prominent Fernandino family.
Edward Wilmot Blyden 3 August 1832 7 February 1912 Liberian educator, clergyman and Pan-Africanist.
Ifeanyi Chijindu



Michael Echeruo March 14, 1937

Buchi Emecheta July 21, 1944

E. Nolue Emenanjo 1943

Okwui Enwezor 1963

Cyprian Ekwensi September 26, 1921 November 4, 2007

Olaudah Equiano c. 1745 31 March 1797 also known as Gustavus Vassa, was a writer and abolitionist.
Paschal Eze


Africanus Horton 1835 1883 Also known as James Beale, he was a writer and folklorist from Sierra Leone.
Chinweizu Ibekwe



Vincent Chukwuemeka Ike



Uzodinma Iweala November 5, 1982

T.D. Jakes June 9, 1957

Uchechi Kalu



Nnedi Okorafor



Uche Nduka 14 October 1963

Nkem Nwankwo June 12, 1936 June 12, 2001

Flora Nwapa January 18, 1931 1993

Onyeka Nwelue January 31, 1988

Okey Ndibe 1960

Onuora Nzekwu February 19, 1928

Ike Oguine



Christopher Okigbo 1932 1967

Obinna Charles Okwelume September 20, 1981


Ifeoma Onyefulu



Ada Udechukwu 1960

F. Nnabuenyi Ugonna October 12, 1936 June 5, 1990

Chuka Umunna October 1978

Chika Unigwe 1974

Ugonna Wachuku March 10, 1971 Creative Writer of Inspirational Dimensions and Empathic Paradigms

Film makers and producers

Name Born Death Notability Reference
Chico Ejiro



Oby Kechere



Kingsley Ogoro



Izu Ojukwu



Uzo



Ifeanyi P. Dike



Models and beauty pageant contestants

Name Born Death Notability Reference
Adaeze Igwe



Lynda Chuba-Ikpeazu



N.O.P.S.



Munachi Nwanknwo



Chinenye Ochuba



Bianca Odumegwu-Ojukwu
Current Nigerian ambassador to Spain and wife of late Biafran President Odumegwu Ojukwu
Ngoli Onyeka Okafor December 30, 1979

Ikenna Bryan Okwara



Oluchi Onweagba August 1, 1980

Ebuka Obi-Uchendu July 14, 1982

Sabina Umeh



Singers and Musicians

Name Born Death Notability
Dr Alban



Stella Damasus-Aboderin 1978, April 24

Oliver De Coque



Bright Chimezie



Chikezie



Faze



Naeto C December 17, 1982

Nneka 1981, December 24 Afro-German
Ego Ihenacho



Lachi

New York City, Singer/Songwriter
Lemar 1978, April 4

Prince Nico Mbarga



Nné Pearlż



Mendi & Keith Obadike



Jide Obi



Ezebuiro Obinna



Kele Okereke 1981, 13 October He is the vocalist and rhythm guitarist for English indie rock band Bloc Party.
Queen Theresa Onuorah


Chief Stephen Osita Osadebe



P-Square

A R&B duo composed of identical twin brothers Peter and Paul Okoye.
Ruggedman



Samsong



Joshua Uzoigwe



Education

Name Born Death Notability
Maria Louisa Bustill 1853, November 8 January 20, 1904 A Quaker schoolteacher; the mother of Paul Robeson; and the wife of the Reverend William Drew Robeson.
Michael Echeruo 1937, March 14

E. Nolue Emenanjo 1943

Okwui Enwezor



Uche Nduka 1963, October 14

Eni Njoku 1917 1970

Onuora Nzekwu 1928, February 19

P. N. Okeke-Ojiudu 1914 1995

Kenneth Dike 1917 1983

John Ogbu 1939, May 9 20 August 2003

Historians

Name Born Death Notability Reference
Adiele Afigbo 1937, 22 November 9 March 2009

Kenneth Dike 1917 1983

Paul Robeson, Jr. 1927, 2 November

Philosophers

Name Born Death Notability Reference
Emmanuel Chukwudi Eze 1963 2007

Heads of organizations and business executives

Name Born Death Notability
Leo Stan Ekeh February 22, 1956

Joe Maduekwe

Managing Director, Nigerian Railway Company, 1991-1995
Ikechukwu Ndefo 1957

Chukwudi Owo 1965
President/C.E.O, Resourcefield Inc., 2008-
Louis Odumegwu Ojukwu 1909 1966

P. N. Okeke-Ojiudu 1914 1995

C. T. Onyekwelu 1898


Mathias Ugochukwu 1926 1990

Mazi Obi. Okoli 1968


Emmanuel Nweke Okafor

President of Anambra State Community Associatio Thailand (ASCAT), 2012–present

Economists

Name Born Death Notability
Pius Okigbo February 6, 1924

Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala June 13, 1954 The former Finance Minister and Foreign Minister of Nigeria, notable for being the first woman to hold either of those positions. She is also a former World Bank Managing Director and a one-time Presidential candidate of the same institution.
Charles Chukwuma Soludo 28 July 1960 A economics professor and the former Governor and Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN).
Obiageli Ezekwesili
Former Vice President of the World Bank.
Onyema Ugochukwu November 9, 1944 A economist, journalist, and politician.

Journalists

Name Born Death Notability Reference
Chinweizu



Christina Anyanwu 1951

Chima Simone July 28, 1976


Kizzi Nkwocha



Michael Okwu



Adaora Udoji 1967

Judges

Name Born Death Notability
Chile Eboe-Osuji September 2, 1962 Judge of the International Criminal Court.
Pats Acholonu July 15, 1936 May 14, 2006

Eze Ozobu Sept 21 , 1931 - First Chief Judge Enugu State.

Political figures

Activists

Name Born Death Notability
Margaret Ekpo 1914 2006 Women's rights activist
Gogo Chu Nzeribe



Okey Ndibe 1960 a novelist, poet, political activist from Yola, Nigeria. He is the author of Arrows of Rain, a critically reviewed novel published in 2000.

Politicians

Name Born Death Notability
Enyinnaya Abaribe



Catherine Obianuju Acholonu



Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi March 3, 1924 July 29, 1966 First Military and second substantial Head of State of Nigeria
Igwe Aja-Nwachukwu



Frank Ajobena



Dora Akunyili July 14, 1954 Former Director General of National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) of Nigeria and current (since December 17, 2008) Nigerian Minister of Information and Communications.
Rotimi Amaechi May 27, 1965 Current Governor of Rivers State and the Chairman of the Nigerian Governors' Forum
Emeka Anyaoku January 18, 1933 Former Secretary-General of the Commonwealth of Nations
Nnamdi Azikiwe November 16, 1904 May 11, 1996 Nigeria's foremost President and the Owelle of Onitsha
Chukwuemeka Chikelu



Uche Chukwumerije



Edward Wilmot Blyden 3 August 1832 7 February 1912 An Americo-Liberian educator, writer, diplomat, and politician in Liberia and Sierra Leone.
Kema Chikwe



Alex Ifeanyichukwu Ekwueme



Martin Elechi



Evan Enwerem October 29, 1935 August 2, 2007

Virginia Etiaba



Herbert Eze



Akanu Ibiam



Nneka S. Ijomanta



Emmanuel Iwuanyanwu September 4, 1942

Igwegbe Odum



Orji Uzor Kalu



K. O. Mbadiwe



Ojo Maduekwe



Chinwoke Mbadinuju



Sam Mbakwe



Chris Ngige



Akachukwu Sullivan Nwankpo 1962
Former Special Advisor to the President Goodluck Jonathan on Technical Matters
Nkechi Justina Nwaogu 1956
Senator who represents the People's Democratic Party in Abia State.
Chimaroke Nnamani



Ike Nwachukwu



Frank Nweke



Chinyere Ike Nwosu



Zacheus Chukwukaelo Obi



Peter Obi

Governor of Anambra State, the Vice Chairman of the Nigerian Governors' Forum and the Chairman of the Southeast Governors' Forum
George Obiozor



Peter Odili



Frank Ogbuewu



Vincent Eze Ogbulafor



Joy Ogwu



Chuba Okadigbo



Edward Ikem Okeke



Maurice Iwu


P. N. Okeke-Ojiudu



Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala June 13, 1954 The current Finance Minister and former Foreign Minister of Nigeria, notable for being the first woman to hold either of those positions. [26]
Richard Okonye 1943 1999

Michael Okpara



Jaycee Okwunwanne October 8, 1985

Ogbonnaya Onu



Nwafor Orizu



Theodore Orji



Edward James Roye February 3, 1815 February 11, 1872 Fifth President of Liberia from 1870 to his overthrow and subsequent death in 1871. [28]
Andy Uba



Achike Udenwa



Onyema Ugochukwu



Sylvester Ugoh



Charles Ugwuh



Emmanuel Ukaegbu



Jaja Wachuku 1918 1996

Chukwuemeka Ngozichineke Wogu


Prof.Elochukwu Njaka 1922 1975

Warriors

Name Born Death Notability Reference
Okoro Idozuka



Science

Name Born Death Notability Reference
Philip Emeagwali 1954 Computer scientist/geologist, one of two winners of the 1989 Gordon Bell Prize, a prize from the IEEE, for his use of the Connection Machine supercomputer
Bartholomew Nnaji



John Ogbu May 9, 1939 20 August 2003

Chike Obi April 7, 1921 March 13, 2008 Mathematician
F. Nnabuenyi Ugonna October 12, 1936 June 5, 1990

Sports

American football players

Name Born Death Notability
Victor Abiamiri January 14, 1986 A defensive end for the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League.
Obed Ariri April 4, 1956 An American football placekicker in the National Football League.
Nnamdi Asomugha July 6, 1981 An American football cornerback for the Oakland Raiders of the National Football League.
Patrick Chukwurah March 1, 1979

Adimchinobi Echemandu November 21, 1980 An American football running back who is a free agent. He was originally drafted by the Cleveland Browns in the seventh round of the 2004 NFL Draft.
Isaiah Ekejiuba October 5, 1981

Buchie Ibeh August 4, 1983

Chidi Iwuoma February 19, 1978

N. D. Kalu August 3, 1975

Chinedum Ndukwe March 4, 1985

Ike Ndukwe July 17, 1982

Chike Okeafor March 27, 1976

Chukky Okobi November 18, 1978

Amobi Okoye June 10, 1987

Christian Okoye August 16, 1961

Kenechi Udeze March 5, 1983

Tony Ugoh November 17, 1983

Osi Umenyiora November 16, 1981

Iheanyi Uwaezuoke July 24, 1973

Canadian football players

Name Born Death Notability
Uzooma Okeke September 3, 1970 was a Canadian Football League tackle for the Montreal Alouettes.

Athletes

Name Born Death Notability
Onochie Achike on January 31, 1975

Kriss Akabusi 28 November 1958

Chinaza Amadi 12 September 1987

Clement Chukwu July 7, 1973

Vivian Chukwuemeka May 4, 1975

Innocent Egbunike November 30, 1961
Uchenna Emedolu September 17, 1976

Obinna Eregbu 9 November 1969

Joy Eze 23 April 1988

Davidson Ezinwa November 22, 1971

Osmond Ezinwa November 22, 1971

Chidi Imoh August 27, 1963

Obinna Metu 12 July 1988

Ngozi Monu January 7, 1981

Ogonna Nnamani July 29, 1983

Francis Obikwelu November 22, 1978

Chinonye Ohadugha 24 March 1986

Christine Ohuruogu May 17, 1984 MBE an English sprinter who specialises in the 400 metres - the event for which she is the current Commonwealth, World and Olympic Champion.
Emmanuel Okoli 13 November 1973

Marilyn Okoro 23 September 1984

Christy Opara-Thompson December 24, 1971

Charity Opara May 20, 1972

Emeka Udechuku 10 July 1979

Chima Ugwu 19 July 1973

Basketball players

Name Born Death Notability
John Amaechi November 26, 1970 A retired American-born English NBA basketball player who currently works as a broadcaster and political activist in the United Kingdom.
Aloysius Anagonye February 10, 1981

Kelenna Azubuike December 16, 1983

Ike Diogu September 11, 1983

Obinna Ekezie August 22, 1975

Benjamin Eze 8 February 1981

Ekene Ibekwe 19 July 1985

Ike Nwankwo 27 December 1973

Julius Nwosu May 1, 1971

Chamberlain Oguchi April 28, 1986

Emeka Okafor September 28, 1982

Daniel Okonkwo 1975

Locker Okorie


Ime Udoka August 9, 1977

Mfon Udoka 16 June 1976

Boxers

Name Born Death Notability
Friday Ahunanya November 19, 1971

Innocent Anyanwu 25 September 1982

Ijeoma Egbunine December 30, 1980

Ike Ibeabuchi February 2, 1973

Emmanuel Nwodo 19 February 1974

Ngoli Onyeka Okafor December 30, 1979 an American model, boxer and actor.
Dick Tiger Richard Ihetu August 14, 1929 December 14, 1971 a boxer from Amaigbo, Orlu, Nigeria, was a migrant fighter to Liverpool (and later to America).

Footballers

Name Born Death Notability
Samuel Okwaraji May 19, 1964 August 12, 1989

Victor Agali December 29, 1978

Festus Agu March 13, 1975

Chioma Ajunwa, December 25, 1970

Lawrence Akandu December 10, 1974

Chukwuma Akabueze 6 May 1989

Michael Chidi Alozi



Emmanuel Amuneke 25 December 1970

Kevin Amuneke 10 May 1986

Blessing Chinedu November 22, 1976

Shola Ameobi, October 12, 1981

Tomi Ameobi, August 16, 1988

Kevin Amuneke 10 May 1986

Victor Anichebe, April 23, 1988

Peter Anosike December 24, 1976

Nduka Anyanwu April 15, 1980

Nnaemeka Anyanwu August 21, 1988

Onyekachi Apam 30 December 1986

Chibuzor Chilaka October 21, 1986

Chukwudi Chijindu February 20, 1986

Blessing Chinedu November 22, 1976

Christian Chukwu



Eric Obinna Chukwunyelu 10 June 1981

Ugo Ehiogu November 3, 1972

Eric Ejiofor December 17, 1979

Chijioke Ejiogu November 22, 1984

Caleb Ekwenugo August 1, 1988

Ifeanyi Emeghara March 24, 1984

Hugo Enyinnaya May 8, 1981

Dino Eze June 1, 1984

Victor Ezeji June 9, 1981

Emeka Ifejiagwa 30 October 1977

Amaechi Igwe May 20, 1988

Ugo Ihemelu April 3, 1983

Ikechukwu Kalu 18 April 1984

Maxwell Kalu 23 March 1976

Christopher Kanu December 4, 1979

Nwankwo Kanu 1 August 1976 Nwankwo Kanu (born 1 August 1976 in Owerri, Nigeria), usually known simply as Kanu and nicknamed Papilo, is a professional footballer who plays as a striker for the Nigerian national team and for English club Portsmouth.
Henry Nwosu Kanu 14 February 1980

Ndubuisi Eze May 10, 1984

Usim Nduka September 23, 1985

Chukwuemeka Nwadike 9 August 1978

Obinna Nwaneri March 19, 1982

Onyekachi Nwoha February 28, 1983

Chucks Nwoko November 21, 197

Udo Nwoko 15 October 1984

Henry Nwosu 14 June 1963

Mikel John Obi April 22, 1987 Won the UEFA Champions League with Chelsea in 2012
Victor Nsofor Obinna March 25, 1987

Chinedu Obasi June 1, 1986

Ibezito Ogbonna March 27, 1983

Bertrand Okafor 4 January 1990

Uche Okafor August 8, 1967 January 6, 2011

Uche Okafor 10 February 1991

Uche Okechukwu September 27, 1967

Jay-Jay Okocha, 14 August 1973

Chima Okorie 8 October 1968

Joseph Okoro 15 July 1989

Stanley Okoro 8 December 1992

Sunday Patrick Okoro 27 April 1986

Digger Okonkwo 30 August 1977

Onyekachi Okonkwo 13 May 1982

Isaac Okoronkwo May 1, 1978

Kelechi Okoye 1984

Tochukwu Oluehi 3 June 1988


Nedum Onuoha 12 November 1986


Iffy Onuora 28 July 1967

Chima Onyeike


Daniel Onyekachi 23 August 1985

Oguchi Onyewu May 13, 1982
[44]
Kelechi Osunwa October 15, 1984

Ikechukwu Uche



Oguchi Uche 1987

John Ugochukwu April 20, 1988

Magalan Ugochukwu June 20, 1990
Ugo Ukah 18 January 1984

Sunday Oliseh


Eke Uzoma July 19, 1989

Martial arts

Name Born Death Notability
Chika Chukwumerije December 30, 1983 Olympic silver medallist
Anthony Njokuani March 1, 1980

Jacob Martins Obiorah


Chukwuemeka Onyemachi 28 July 1974

Religion

Name Born Death Notability
Francis Arinze 1 November 1932 A Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.
William Napolean Barleycorn 1884 1925 a Spanish Guinean Primitive Methodist missionary and author of the first Bube language primer. He was a member of a prominent Fernandino family.
William Drew Robeson I July 27, 1844 May 17, 1918 The father of Paul Robeson and the minister of Witherspoon Street Presbyterian Church in Princeton, New Jersey from 1880 to 1901.
Cyprian Michael Iwene Tansi September 1903 January 24, 1964 Beatified by Pope Benedict XVI